Sitting in the lounge of Paris's LGBT Center, 68-year-old activist. And beaten by a Paris taxi driver for kissing in his cab in the 'city of love'.
Location of (dark green)– in (light green & dark grey)– in the (light green) – Legal since 1791,age of consent (re)equalised in 1982Transgender people allowed to change legal gender without surgeryLGBT people allowed to serve openlySexual orientation and gender identity protections Family rightsLGBT individuals and same-sex couples allowed to adoptLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights in France have been seen as traditionally. Although same-sex sexual activity was a that often resulted in the during the, all laws were repealed in 1791 during the.
However, a lesser known law that often targeted homosexuals was introduced in 1960 before being repealed twenty years later.The for same-sex sexual activity was altered more than once before being equalised in 1982 under then–. After granting same-sex couples benefits known as the, became the thirteenth country in the world to legalise in 2013. Laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity were enacted in 1985 and 2012, respectively. In 2010, France became the first country in the world to declassify as a.
Additionally, since 2017, transgender people have been allowed to change their legal gender without undergoing or receiving any medical diagnosis.France has frequently been named one of the most gay friendly countries in the world. Recent polls have indicated that a majority of the support same-sex marriage and in 2013, another poll indicated that 77% of the French population believed homosexuality should be accepted by society, one of the highest in the 39 countries polled. Has been named by many publications as one of the most gay friendly cities in the world, with, and being said to have a thriving and nightlife.
Gay Pride, Paris 2008 Sodomy laws Before the French Revolution, was a serious crime. Jean Diot and Bruno Lenoir were the last homosexuals on 6 July 1750. The first decriminalised homosexuality when the made no mention of same-sex relations in private. This policy on private sexual conduct was kept in the of 1810, and followed in nations and French colonies that adopted the Code.
Still, and were widely seen as being immoral, and people were still subjected to legal harassment under various laws concerning public morality and order. Some homosexuals from the regions of and, which were annexed by in 1940, were persecuted and interned in concentration camps. Homosexuals were also persecuted under the, despite there being no laws criminalizing homosexuality.Higher age of consent An age of consent was introduced on 28 April 1832.
It was fixed to 11 years for both sexes, and later raised to 13 years in 1863. On 6 August 1942, the Vichy Government introduced a discriminative law in the Penal Code: article 334 (moved to article 331 on 8 February 1945 by the ) which increased the age of consent to 21 for homosexual relations and 15 for heterosexual ones. The age of 21 was then lowered to 18 in 1974, which had become the age of. This law remained valid until 4 August 1982, when it was repealed under President to equalise the age of consent at 15 years of age, despite the vocal opposition of in the. Indecent exposure A less known discriminative law was adopted in 1960, inserting into the Penal Code (article 330, 2nd alinea) a clause that doubled the penalty for for homosexual activity.
This was intended to repress. The clause against homosexuality was adopted due to a wish of Parliament, as follows:This ordonnance was adopted by the executive after it was authorised by Parliament to take legislative measures against national scourges such as alcoholism., a Member of the National Assembly, felt that homosexuality was also a scourge, and thus proposed a sub-amendment, therefore known as the Mirguet amendment, tasking the Government to enact measures against homosexuality, which was adopted.Article 330 alinea 2 was repealed in 1980 as part of an act redefining several sexual offenses. Recognition of same-sex relationships. Main articles: and(PACS), a form of registered, were enacted in 1999 for both same-sex and unmarried opposite-sex couples by the Government of.
Couples who enter into a PACS contract are afforded most of the legal protections, rights, and responsibilities of marriage. The right to adoption and artificial insemination are, however, denied to PACS partners (and are largely restricted to married couples). Unlike married couples, they were originally not allowed to file joint tax returns until after 3 years, though this was repealed in 2005.Civil unions/domestic partnerships conducted under laws in foreign countries are only recognised for a few countries. Registered are not recognised – the only solution currently available for a couple in a civil partnership to gain PACS rights in France is to dissolve their civil partnership and then establish a PACS., by contrast, are already recognised. This does not, however, allow for dual citizenship, which is reserved for married couples. For example, a French citizen who enters into a registered partnership with a Dutch citizen in the Netherlands, and therefore assumes Dutch nationality, automatically loses their French citizenship. See also:people are allowed to change their legal sex.In 2010, France removed gender identity disorder as a diagnosis by decree, but according to French transgender rights organizations, beyond the impact of the announcement itself, nothing changed.
Transsexualism is part of the ALD 31 and treatment is funded by.Discrimination on the basis of gender identity (sexual identity) has been banned since 2012. In 2016, the term 'sexual identity' was replaced by 'gender identity'.On 6 November 2015, a bill to allow transgender people to legally change their gender without the need for and was approved by the French Senate. On 24 May 2016, the National Assembly approved the bill.
MP, who introduced the bill, reminded MPs before the vote about the long, uncertain and humiliating procedures by which transgender people must go through to change their gender on their vital records. Due to differing texts, a was established. On 12 July 2016, the National Assembly approved a modified version of the bill which maintained the provisions outlawing psychiatrist certificates and proofs of sex reassignment surgery, while also dropping the original bill's provision of allowing self-certification of gender.
On 28 September, the French Senate discussed the bill. The French National Assembly then met on 12 October in a to approve the bill once more and rejected amendments proposed by the French Senate which would have required proof of medical treatment. On 17 November, the Constitutional Council ruled that the bill is constitutional. It was signed by the President on 18 November 2016, published in the Journal officiel the next day, and took effect on 1 January 2017.In 2017, transphobia became a cause of for all crimes that can be punished by prison. Intersex rights.
Contents.Personal life Schiller received the US/UK Fulbright Arts Fellowship in Film and grants from multiple organisations. Career Her 1976 film Greta's Girls is one of the first independent short films to focus on lesbians.She had a part directing the 1981 documentary Greetings from Washington, D.C. Which details the first important LGBT walk in 1979.In 1984, Schiller and founded Jezebel Productions. The company emphasizes on educational films based on real people.
It is based in New York City, and in London since 1998. Schiller and Weiss were strongly influenced by both the New Left movement and the women's and gay liberation movements of the 1970s.In 1985, she and Weiss teamed up to direct Before Stonewall, which won two awards. Before Stonewall was the first gay or lesbian film to be funded by the.
They also directed (1986), about African American women musicians performing in the 1930s to 1940s; Tiny & Ruby: Hell Divin' Women (1988), and Paris Was a Woman (1996). Paris Was a Woman, about creative lesbians in 1920s, was a labor of love for the two filmmakers, taking 5 years to produce and breaking house records.Schiller directed Maxine Sullivan: Love to Be In Love (1990), Woman of the Wolf (1994), The Man Who Drove With Mandela (1998), I Live At Ground Zero (2002), and The Marion Lake Story: Defeating the Mighty Phragmite (2014). She produced and directed No Dinosaurs in Heaven (2010), about the problem of creationists infiltrating science education. Films combines interviews with multiple forms of media that shows the history of gays and lesbians during the early 20th century to the 1960s.said that Greta Schiller is 'gifted'. Time Out New York wrote that Paris Was a Woman might cause viewers to 'want to leave their spouse and move to Paris.The author of Black Popular Culture included a picture from the film Maxine Sullivan: Love to Be In Love on the first page of the book.The Atlantic Journal wrote that International Sweethearts of Rhythm 'makes you glad documentaries were invented.'
Awards and nominations Greta Schiller has won several awards over her career. Before Stonewall earned her an award at the Torino Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, as well as a Grand Jury Nomination at the. Tiny and Ruby: Hell Divin' Women earned Schiller a Teddy at the. She won another Teddy in 1999 for Best Documentary for The Man Who Drove with Mandela. The film also won Best Documentary at the Milan International Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, and was nominated for Best Documentary at the Newport International Film Festival in Rhode Island.In 2019, Schiller’s film was selected by the for preservation in the for being 'culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant'. Filmography. Greta's Girls (1978).
Greetings from Washington, D.C. (1981). (1984). (1986).
Tiny and Ruby: Hell Divin' Women (1989). Maxine Sullivan: Love to Be In Love (1990). Woman of the Wolf (1994). (1996). The Man Who Drove with Mandela (1998). Seed of Sarah (1998). Escape To Life: The Erika and Klaus Mann Story (2000) (directed by Andrea Weiss).
I Live at Ground Zero (2002). U.N. Fever (2008). No Dinosaurs in Heaven (2010). The Marion Lake Story: Defeating the Mighty Phragmite (2014). Bones of Contention (2017)See also.References. Jezebel Productions.
Retrieved February 13, 2012. ^ Mark J. Huisman (1996). The Advocate. Here Publishing: 64. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Haggerty, George; Bonnie Zimmerman (2000). Taylor & Francis. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^. Retrieved May 7, 2012. Piontek, Thomas (2006). University of Illinois Press. Retrieved February 13, 2012. Wallace, Michele; Gina Dent (1998). The New Press.
Retrieved February 13, 2012. Chow, Andrew R.
(December 11, 2019). New York, NY. Retrieved December 11, 2019.Further reading.
Savage, Ann M. (book chapter from LGBTQ America Today: An Encyclopedia (2008), )External links. on.